Amiga Plus 1995 #2/Amiga Plus CD - 1995 - No. 2.iso/internet/faq/englisch/macintosh-hardware

Text File | 1995-04-11 | 107.0 KB | 2,454 lines

Archive-name: macintosh/hardware-faq
Version: 2.3.3
Last-modified: February 24, 1995
URL: http://rever.nmsu.edu/~elharo/faq/hardwarefaq.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Macintosh Hardware
===================================================


               comp.sys.mac.faq, part six:
               comp.sys.mac.hardware

               Copyright 1993,1994,1995 by Elliotte Harold
               Please see section 5.8 of the general FAQ if you wish to
               redistribute, revise or republish this document in any way.

               Archive-name:  macintosh/hardware-faq
               Version:       2.3.3
               Last-modified: February 24, 1995


What's new in version 2.3.3:
----------------------------

  4.1.  What kind of memory should I use in my Mac?

  PowerMacs require 80 nanosecond RAM.


  5.2.  All monitors are not created equal.

  I corrected a misstatement of what dot pitch really means.


  7.2.  What's the cheapest/fastest/most reliable/most common removable drive?

  This section has been revised to reflect changes in the market since I
  last wrote, notably Bernoulli 230 drives, ZIP drives, and all-around
  price drops.


  7.3.  What's the best CD-ROM drive?

  Quad speed CD-ROM drives are rapidly becoming affordable.


  plus I corrected a lot of small problems in the appendix.


                         Table of Contents
==================================================================

I.   Maintenance
      1.  How do I clean a keyboard?
      2.  How do I clean a screen?
      3.  How do I clean a mouse?
      4.  How do I clean a floppy drive?
      5.  How do I clean the inside of my mac?
II.  Problems And Repairs
      1.  How do I open a compact Mac?
      2.  Now that I've opened my Mac how might I electrocute myself?
      3.  Where can I get my Mac fixed?
      4.  Can you recommend any good books about Mac repair?
      5.  The screen on my compact Mac is jittering.
III. Upgrades
      1.  What Macs will be upgradeable to the PowerPC?
      2.  Can I increase the speed of my Mac by accelerating the clock?
      3.  Can I add an FPU to my Mac?
      4.  Can I replace the 68LC040 with a 68040?
IV.  Thanks for the Memory
      1.  What kind of memory should I use in my Mac?
      2.  Can I use PC SIMM's in my Mac?
      3.  What vendors have good prices on memory?
      4.  Do SIMMdoublers work?
V.   Video
      1.  What's VRAM?
      2.  All monitors are not created equal.
      3.  There's a horizontal line across my monitor.
      4.  Can I use a VGA monitor with my Mac?
      5.  How can I switch monitor resolutions on the fly?
VI.  Floppy Disks
      1.  What kind of floppy disks do I need for my Mac?
      2.  Why can't my Quadra (SE/30, Iici, etc.) read the disks from my Plus?
      3.  Does punching a hole in a double-density disk make a high-density disk?
VII.  SCSI Troubles
      1.  How do I put my old internal hard disk in an external case?
      2.  What's the cheapest/fastest/most reliable/most common removable drive?
      3.  What's the best CD-ROM drive?
VIII. Printers
      1. What's a good printer?
IX.   Miscellaneous hardware FAQ's
      1. What power adaptor do I need to use my mac in another country?
      2. How can I fix the sound on my IIsi?
A.    Models


RETRIEVING THE ENTIRE FAQ
=========================

  This is the SIXTH part of this FAQ.  The first part is also
  posted to this newsgroup under the subject heading  "Introductory
  Macintosh frequently asked questions (FAQ)" and includes a complete
  table of contents for the entire document as well as  information
  on where to post, ftp, file decompression,  trouble-shooting, and
  preventive maintenance.  The second, third, fourth, and fifth
  parts are posted every two weeks in comp.sys.mac.system,
  comp.sys.mac.misc, comp.sys.mac.apps, and comp.sys.mac.wanted
  respectively and include many questions that often erroneously appear
  in comp.sys.mac.misc.  All pieces are available for anonymous ftp from

   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh/

  Except for the introductory FAQ which appears in multiple
  newsgroups and is stored as general-faq, the name of each
  file has the format of the last part of the group name followed
  by "-faq", e.g the FAQ for comp.sys.mac.system is stored as
  system-faq.  You can also have these files mailed to you
  by sending an E-mail message to [e-mail]
  with the line:

   send pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh/name

  in the body text where "name" is the name of the file you want as
  specified above (e.g. general-faq).  You can also send this server
  a message with the subject "help" for more detailed instructions.
  For access via Mosaic use

   http://rever.nmsu.edu/~elharo/faq/faqs.html



==================
MAINTENANCE  (1.0)
==================

  First a word about tools: many basic household items will serve you
  well when taking care of a Mac but not all.  Under no circumstances
  should you use a Dustbuster or other common handvac to clean
  electronic equipment.  Instead you need a specially designed vacuum
  cleaner with a conducting, grounded nozzle.  These normally cost
  about $40 in electronics supply stores.  Most paper towels are
  adequate for cleaning computer equipment.  However Scott brand towels
  do have lower rag content than any other commonly available towel and
  are less likely to leave paper fibers behind on your equipment.


HOW DO I CLEAN A KEYBOARD?  (1.1)
---------------------------------

  For basic cleaning a little isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol on a Scott
  towel works well.  Common household cleaners like Formula 409 also do
  a nice job.  To perform a more thorough cleaning you'll need to take
  the keyboard apart.  Depending on the type of keyboard you'll need
  one or more of a Phillips head screwdriver, a Torx T-15 screwdriver,
  and a special tool almost impossible to find when you really really
  need it which goes by the technical name of "key puller."
  Disassemble the keyboard, pull off all the keys, and use a can of
  compressed air or an electronics vac to clean out all the dust
  bunnies that have mated and grown and had children and mated again
  and built apartment complexes and shopping malls inside your
  keyboard.  (I don't know why, but keyboards attract far more detritus
  than any other computer component.)  Finally if you spilled Mountain
  Dew, coffee or some other liquid substance into the keyboard, clean
  it with lukewarm water and a soft towel.  Use isopropyl alcohol on
  any remaining sticky spots.


HOW DO I CLEAN A SCREEN?  (1.2)
-------------------------------

  First turn off the monitor.  Spray a small amount of Windex or any
  other common glass cleaner onto a paper towel, NOT directly onto
  the screen.  Then wipe the paper towel over the screen.  Finally
  wipe the screen clean with a dry paper towel.


HOW DO I CLEAN A MOUSE?  (1.3)
------------------------------

  Poor mouse tracking is normally a sign of dirty contacts.  To clean
  them get a cassette tape head cleaning solution from any audio store.
   Turn off the Mac.  Then unplug the mouse.  The bottom plate of the
  mouse that holds the ball in place can be removed by pushing down and
  twisting (like a child-proof medicine cap).  The ball will probably
  fall out when the plate is removed so be ready to catch it. There's
  nothing quite so annoying as having to crawl around on the floor
  looking under the furniture for a mouse ball.  Dip a cotton swab in
  the solution.  Then rub it on the three ball contacts until they
  appear clean to the eye.  Finally clean the ball itself with soap
  and water and dry it with a paper towel.


HOW DO I CLEAN A FLOPPY DRIVE?  (1.4)
-------------------------------------

  Normally you don't need to.  Several companies sell floppy drive
  cleaning kits that consist of nothing more than a disk and some
  cleaning fluid for anywhere from five to twenty-five dollars.
  These are almost as pointless as the CD cleaning kits sold to
  overenthusiastic CD owners.  I'd only use one of these if I was
  already experiencing problems that were identifiably linked to the
  floppy drive rather than individual disks.  Cleaning a floppy drive
  should not be part of normal maintenance.  When you do need to clean
  a floppy drive, Apple recommends the 3M floppy drive cleaning kit.

  If you have a vacuum cleaner designed for electronic equipment, you
  can always run it across the floppy slit, but even that is rarely
  necessary.  Or you can disassemble the Mac and use a can of
  compressed air to blow the dust out of the floppy drive.  Don't do
  this without disassembling the Mac first though since otherwise
  you'll just blow dust deeper inside your computer.  And even when the
  Mac is taken apart, be careful to blow the air AWAY from the motor.
  If you blow air into the drive motor, you'll forcing dust into it and
  make the drive more likely to fail.


HOW DO I CLEAN THE INSIDE OF MY MAC?  (1.5)
-------------------------------------------

  I don't advise taking a Mac apart just to clean it; but if you've
  already dismantled it as part of another upgrade or repair, blowing
  accumulated dust away with a can of compressed air won't hurt.  You
  can also use a specially designed computer vacuum cleaner, but don't
  use a normal hand vac like a Dustbuster as there's a small chance of
  damage to your Mac from the static electricity it builds up.

  On the other hand if during one of those late night football games
  through the halls of your office someone drop-kicked a half-full can
  of Mountain Dew straight through the uprights of your cubicle onto
  your Mac (or if you've spilled a soda or some other messy substance
  into the Mac in some less creative fashion), you will need to clean
  it out.  Unplug the Mac and let it sit for at least an hour.  It is
  essential to give all the parts of your Mac time to discharge since
  you'll be cleaning it with water.  Take the Mac apart as described in
  the next section.  Then clean it with lukewarm tap water.  Use a soft
  toothbrush to clean anything that doesn't come off with water alone.
  Let the disassembled Mac air dry for a couple of days, (Don't even
  think about using a hair dryer.) and then put it back together.



===========================
PROBLEMS AND REPAIRS  (2.0)
===========================

HOW DO I OPEN A COMPACT MAC?  (2.1)
-----------------------------------

  You need a Torx T-15 screwdriver, at least eight inches long,
  available from any decent electronics supply shop, and a special tool
  referred to as a "Mac Cracker."  (In a pinch you can use a spring
  loaded paper clip or even a three-sided ruler.)   Before starting
  clear off a large, flat work area and get an ash tray, glass, or
  other container to hold the various small screws you need to remove.

  First disconnect all cables, most especially the power cable. For
  maximum safety you should only work on your Mac after it's been
  turned off for an hour so that various high-voltage capacitors have
  had time to fully discharge.  remove the programmer's switch if one
  is installed.  Then lay the Mac face down on a soft towel in your
  work space.  If you're working on a Plus or earlier Mac remove the
  battery cover and battery.  Then unscrew all the screws with the T-15
  screwdriver.  There are four of them on SE's and Classics, two hidden
  inside the handle and two above the ports on the bottom of the Mac.
  The Plus and earlier Macs have five screws including one under the
  battery cover.  After the screws are removed, wedge the cracking tool
  into the seam and pry the two pieces of the case apart.  Then
  carefully lift the back cover off and place it down in your work
  space.  Finally inside you'll find a metallic RF shield covering the
  ports which can easily be removed.


NOW THAT I'VE OPENED MY MAC HOW MIGHT I ELECTROCUTE MYSELF?  (2.2)
------------------------------------------------------------------

  Like most computers a Macintosh contains lots of exciting high voltage
  equipment that can deliver shocks ranging from mildly surprising to
  motherboard-frying to lethal.  Since compact Macs cram the high
  voltage picture tube and power supply into the same cramped space
  shared with the motherboard, they're particularly dangerous. If
  you're intent on committing computer-assisted suicide, here are a few
  simple procedures that will greatly enhance your chance of success:

* Be sure the computer and all cables are plugged in when you
  work on it.  It's difficult (though not impossible) to get a good,
  solid shock without at least 120 volts of AC surging through the
  works.

* Wear lots of metal jewelry.  Long, dangling gold bracelets make
  the most effective unexpected electrical contact between the picture
  tube and your heart.

* Naturally you yourself want to be nice and clean before working
  on your Mac so take a long shower.  Don't bother to dry off though.
  The heat from your Mac should dry you just fine.

* Pay special attention to the picture tube and flyback
  transformer.  Fondle them.  Know them.  Love them.  If you're still
  conscious take apart the power supply.  (That's the silver box with
  the big red warning letters on it.)

* Invite all your pets and small children to watch you work.
  However there's no reason to invite an adult who might have the
  presence of mind to call 911 should you be injured.


WHERE CAN I GET MY MAC FIXED?  (2.3)
------------------------------------

  If it's been less than a year since you bought the Mac, then by all
  means bring it to a local Apple authorized dealer to get it fixed
  under warranty for free.  Not all dealers are created equal, and you
  don't have to get your Mac repaired by the same dealer you bought it
  from.  Ask around locally to find out which one has the best
  reputation for fast, dependable, hassle-free service.

  After the warranty has expired an Apple dealer is generally not the
  best (and certainly not the cheapest) place to have your Mac fixed.
  A typical Apple authorized repair consists of swapping out the entire
  malfunctioning subsystem.  It's not at all uncommon for Apple dealers
  to repair small problems by motherboard swaps that cost almost as
  much or even more than a new Mac.  For out of warranty repairs your
  best bet is an unauthorized repair shop that specializes in component
  level repairs.  Be sure to find one that specializes in Macintosh
  repairs, not a PC shop that does Macs on the side.  Again seek advice
  from local bulletin boards and user groups.  In the New York City
  area I unconditionally recommend TekServe, [phone].

  If there are no reliable local repair shops, a number of mail-order
  repair shops advertise in the back pages of MacUser and MacWorld.
  Personally I find it horribly inconvenient to package and ship a Mac
  just to get a flyback transformer replaced, but most of these shops
  do offer reliable repairs at very competitive prices and many people
  on the net swear by one or another.


CAN YOU RECOMMEND ANY GOOD BOOKS ABOUT MAC REPAIR?  (2.4)
---------------------------------------------------------

  Larry Pina has written several excellent guides to repairing Macs.
  Mac Classic & SE Repair and Upgrade Secrets (Peachpit Press, $28,
  ISBN #1-56609-022-9) covers the SE, SE/30, Classic, and Classic II.
  This volume offers moderately detailed instructions for someone with
  prior electronics experience to diagnose common problems, do
  component level repairs and perform upgrades on compact Macs.
  Macintosh Repair and Upgrade Secrets (Hayden Books $24.95, ISBN
  #0-672-48452-8) is an earlier version of this book which covers
  compact Macs from the 128K to the SE and the Lisa.  Pina's sequel,
  Macintosh II Repair and Upgrade secrets, $39.95, ISBN #0-13-929530-5,
  offers similar coverage of the Mac II family of Machines.  All these
  books include valuable diagnostic software on a bundled disk.  Before
  delving into this volume you should be comfortable wielding a
  soldering iron on expensive equipment. Finally he's also written the
  somewhat less technical and more detailed Dead Mac Scrolls (PeachPit
  Press, ISBN #0-940235-25-0, $32) which offers symptom-based
  procedures for diagnosing and repairing many common problems.  This
  book includes good advice about how to find and deal with a repair
  shop.  All four books deserve a place in the library of anyone who
  intends to wield a soldering iron on their Mac.


THE SCREEN ON MY COMPACT MAC IS JITTERING.  (2.5)
-------------------------------------------------

  Nine times out of ten this is a symptom of a failing flyback
  transformer.  It may be accompanied by high-pitched whines and even
  the smell of burnt ozone.  This is a warning that the demise of the
  Mac is imminent!  Turn it off and don't use it again till the video
  is fixed.  If the flyback transformer is in this bad a shape, chances
  are that other components either already have failed or soon will.
  However many expensive parts of the video subsystem are probably
  working just fine so this is one common problem that can often be
  fixed much more cheaply by a component-level repair shop than by an
  authorized dealer who'll likely swap out the entire video board.


===============
UPGRADES  (3.0)
===============

WHAT MACS WILL BE UPGRADEABLE TO THE POWERPC?  (3.1)
----------------------------------------------------

  Apple will provide logic board replacements for all Centris, Quadra
  and WorkGroup Server models except the Quadra 700, 900 and 950.
  There should also be logic board replacements for the IIvx, IIvi, LC
  475, 520, 550, and 575, Performa 475, 476, 550, and 600. Upgraded AV
  Macs will lose their special video capabilities, at least initially.
  Apple will also make available PowerPC processor upgrade boards that
  fit into the PDS slots of the Quadra 605, 610, 650, 700, 800, 900,
  and 950 as well as the Centris 610 and 650 and the Performa 475 and
  476.  Macs upgraded via a PDS card run at twice the speed of the
  system clock.  Thus a 25 MHz 68040 Mac with a PDS accelerator will
  become a 50 MHz PowerMac.  You'll be able to disable the accelerator
  if you have old software that's not PowerPC compatible or that just
  plain runs faster on the older hardware. 68030 desktop Macs with
  expansion slots will be upgradeable via third party accelerator
  cards.  Daughtercard upgrades for the Powerbook 500 and Duo 280
  series will be available sometime late this summer or early fall.


CAN I INCREASE THE SPEED OF MY MAC BY ACCELERATING THE CLOCK?  (3.2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------

  Apple engineers designed the Mac IIsi to run at 25 megahertz. Apple
  marketeers made them reduce the speed by 20% so as not to hurt sales
  of the IIci.  Thus with various caveats it is generally safe to
  accelerate a IIsi to 25 MHz by changing the clock chip.  All other
  Mac models were designed to run at the speeds they normally run at so
  "clock-chipping" them is a much iffier proposition. Compact Macs,
  PowerBooks and the Mac II, IIx and IIcx as well as the LC and LC II
  use the same oscillator to time various external circuitry as they
  use to time the CPU so they almost never work if the clock chip is
  replaced.  Most other Macs seem to work for at least a while when
  sped up by as much as twenty percent.  Somewhere beyond a twenty
  percent increase in clock speed most Macs experience serial port
  problems though the exact level of safe increase varies from Mac to
  Mac even within the same model and configuration.  Other problems may
  surface over time as the extra heat generated by the faster speed
  increases the wear and tear on the insides of the Mac.

  Performing this upgrade is not for the faint of heart.  It is quite
  complex and requires soldering, replacement of several parts, and
  other non-trivial procedures.  If done improperly it can result in
  major, expensive damage to your Mac.  I am not going to give detailed
  instructions for doing this here.  If you do want to do this
  yourself, check out

   http://bambam.cchem.berkeley.edu/~schrier/mhz.html
   ftp://rever.nmsu.edu/pub/macfaq/info/Clock_Chip_History.txt
   ftp://rever.nmsu.edu/pub/macfaq/info/Clock_Chip_Centris_610.txt
   ftp://rever.nmsu.edu/pub/macfaq/info/Clock_Chip_IIsi.txt
   ftp://rever.nmsu.edu/pub/macfaq/info/Clock_Chip_Quadra_700.txt


  For people who are willing to open their Mac and swap out RAM or a
  hard drive but don't feel comfortable soldering on their motherboard,
  KS Labs, [phone], offers $165 kits that more safely (no
  soldering) accelerate the clock.  These kits include a clip-on
  oscillator plus a heat sink and fan to keep the faster circuitry
  cool.


CAN I ADD AN FPU TO MY MAC?  CAN I REPLACE THE 68LC040 WITH A 68040? (3.3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

  All 68020 and 68030 dektop Macs that did not ship with an FPU standard
  (i.e. the IIsi and LC series) have special slots that can accommodate
  an FPU card.  All Macs that have the FPUless 680LC40 CPU run just
  fine if that chip is replaced with a full 68040 that includes an FPU.
   All PowerPC Macs include an integrated FPU.  There is no way to add
  only an FPU to a 68000 Mac like an SE though some third party
  accelerators do include FPU's as well as faster CPU's.



============================
THANKS FOR THE MEMORY  (4.0)
============================

WHAT KIND OF MEMORY SHOULD I USE IN MY MAC?  (4.1)
--------------------------------------------------

  The easiest way to get this question answered is to ask your friendly,
  mail-order memory dealer.  If you tell them what model of Mac you
  have, what memory you already have in your Mac, and how much you want
  to add, they should be able to tell you exactly what you need.
  Memory comes in many configurations.  All desktop Macs from the Plus
  through the Quadra 700, 900, and 950 use 30-pin SIMMs that normally
  need to be added four at a time (except in the SE, the Plus and the
  Classics where they're added two at a time and in the IIfx which uses
  special 64-pin SIMMs that still need to be added four at a time).
  Later Quadras, the LC III, and the Centris's use 72-pin SIMMs that
  can be added one SIMM at a time.  PowerMacs also use 72-pin SIMMs but
  need  them installed in pairs.  All portable Macs (PowerBooks, Duos,
  and the Portable) have one RAM slot to hold a special card with extra
  RAM.

  The chart below gives details for each model of Mac.  For each model
  it lists how much RAM is soldered to the motherboard, how many slots
  are available to hold more RAM, what size memory is available for
  those slots, different possible RAM configurations, what type of
  memory is used (30-pin SIMM, 72-pin SIMM, or card type,) the minimum
  speed of the RAM you should use in that model, and how many SIMMs or
  cards need to be replaced or added at the same time.


                              Available  Physical RAM       Minimum Upgrade
     CPU     Onboard  Slots    Sizes    Configs (MB)   Pins  Speed    in
 __________  _______  _____  _________  _____________  ____  _____  _____
 Plus           0       4    256K,1M    1,2.5,4         30   150ns    2
 SE             0       4    256K,1M    1,2,2.5,4       30   150ns    2
 SE/30          0       8    256K,1M    1,2,4,5,8,16    30   120ns    4
                             4M,16M     17,20,32,64
                                        65,68,80,128
 Classic        1       3    256K,1M    1,2,2.5,4       30   120ns    2
 Classic II     2       2    1M,2M,4M   2,4,6,10        30   120ns    2
 Color Classic  4       2    1M,2M,4M   4,6,8,10        30   120ns    2
 Mac II         0       8    256K,1M    1,2,4,5,8,17    30   120ns    4
                             4M,8M,16M  20,33,36,65,68
 Mac IIx        0       8    256K,1M    1,2,4,5,8,16,17 30   120ns    4
                             4M,8M,16M  20,32,33,36,64
                                        65,68,80,96,128
 Mac IIcx       0       8    256K,1M    1,2,4,5,8,16,17 30   120ns    4
                             4M,8M,16M  20,32,33,36,64
                                        65,68,80,96,128
 Mac IIci       0       8    256K,512K  1,2,3,4,5,6,8   30   80ns     4
                             1M,4M,8M   16,17,18,20,32
                             16M        33,34,36,64,65
                                        66,68,80,96,128
 Mac IIsi       1       4    256K,512K  1,2,3,5,17,33   30   80ns     4
                             1M,4M,8M   65
                             16M
 Mac IIvi       4       4    256K,512K  4,5,6,8,20,36   30   80ns     4
                             1M,4M,8M   36,68
                             16M
 Mac IIvx       4       4    256K,512K  4,5,6,8,20,36   30   80ns     4
 (Performa 600)              1M,4M,8M   36,68
                             16M
 Mac IIfx       0       8    1M,4M,16M  4,8,16,20,32    64   80ns     4
                                        64,68,80,128
 LC             2       2    1M,2M,4M   2,4,6,8,10      30   120ns    2
 LC II          4       2    1M,2M,4M   4,6,8,10        30   120ns    2
 LC III         4       1    1M,2M,4M   4,5,6,8,12,20   72   80ns     1
                             8M,16M,32M 36
 LC 520         4       1    1M,2M,4M   4,5,6,8,12,20   72   80ns     1
                             8M,16M,32M 36
 LC 550         4       1    1M,2M,4M   4,5,6,8,12,20   72   80ns     1
                             8M,16M,32M 36
 LC 575         4       1    1M,2M,4M   4,5,6,8,12,20   72   80ns     1
                             8M,16M,32M 36
 Centris 610    4       2    4M,8M,16M  4,8,12,16,20,24 72   80ns     1
                             32M        28,36,52,68
 Centris 650    8       4    4M,8M,16M  8,12,16,20,24   72   80ns     1
                             32M        32,40,68,72,132
 Centris 660av  4       2    4M,8M,16M  4,8,12,16,20,24 72   70ns     1
                             32M        28,36,52,68
 Quadra 605     4       1    4M,8M,16M  4,8,12,20,36    72   80ns     1
                             32M
 Quadra 610     4       2    4M,8M,16M  4,8,12,16,20,24 72   80ns     1
                             32M        28,36,52,68
 Quadra 630     4       1    4M,8M,16M  4,8,12,20,36    72   80ns     1
                             32M
 Quadra 650     8       4    4M,8M,16M  8,12,16,20,24   72   80ns     1
                             32M        32,40,68,72,132
 Quadra 660av   4       2    4M,8M,16M  4,8,12,16,20,24 72   70ns     1
                             32M        28,36,52,68
 Quadra 700     4       4    1M,4M,16M  4,8,20,68       30   80ns     4
 Quadra 800     8       4    4M,8M,16M  8,12,16,20,24   72   60ns     1
                             32M        28,32,36,40,44
                                        48,52,56,60,64
                                        68,72,80,84,88
                                        104,108,112,120,132
 Quadra 840av   0       4    4M,8M,16M  8,12,16,20,24   72   60ns     1
                             32M        28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56
                                        60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88
                                        96,100,104,112,128
 Quadra 900     0       16   1M,4M,16M  4,8,12,16,20    30   80ns     4
                                        24,28,32,36,40,48,52,64
                                        64,68,72,76,80,84,88,96
                                        100,112,128,132,136,144
                                        148,160,192,196,208,256
 Quadra 950     0       16   1M,4M,16M  4,8,12,16,20    30   80ns     4
                                        24,28,32,36,40,48,52,64
                                        64,68,72,76,80,84,88,96
                                        100,112,128,132,136,144
                                        148,160,192,196,208,256
 PowerMac 6100  8       2    4M,8M,16M  8,16,24,40,68   72   80ns     2
                             32M
 PowerMac 7100  8       4    4M,8M,16M  8,16,24,32,40   72   80ns     2
                             32M        48,56,72,80,88
                                        104,132
 PowerMac 8100  8       8    4M,8M,16M  8,16,24,32,40   72   80ns     2
                             32M        48,56,64,72,80,88
                                        96,104,112,120,128
                                        136,144,152,160,168
                                        176,184,208,216,232,264
 Portable       1       1    1M,2M,3M,4M 1,2,3,4,5          100ns     1
 PowerBook 100  2       1    2M,4M,6M    2,4,6,8       TSOP 100ns     1
 PowerBook 140  2       1    2M,4M,6M    2,4,6,8       TSOP 100ns     1
 PowerBook 145  2       1    2M,4M,6M    2,4,6,8       TSOP 100ns     1
 PowerBook 145b 4       1    2M,4M       4,6,8         TSOP 100ns     1
 PowerBook 150  4       1    2M,4M       4,6,8         TSOP 100ns     1
 PowerBook 160  4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  85ns     1
                             10M         14
 PowerBook 165c 4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  85ns     1
                             10M         14
 PowerBook 170  2       1    2M,4M,6M    2,4,6,8       TSOP 100ns     1
 PowerBook 180  4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  85ns     1
                             10M         14
 PowerBook 180c 4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  85ns     1
                             10M         14
 PowerBook 520  4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  70ns     1
                             10M,32M     14,36
 PowerBook 520c 4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  70ns     1
                             10M,32M     14,36
 PowerBook 540  4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  70ns     1
                             10M,32M     14,36
 PowerBook 540c 4       1    4M,6M,8M    4,8,10,12     TSOP  70ns     1
                             10M,32M     14,36
 Duo 210        4       1    4M,8M,10M   4,8,12,14,16        85ns     1
                             12M,14M     18,24,32
                             20M,28M
 Duo 230        4       1    4M,8M,10M   4,8,12,14,16        85ns     1
                             12M,14M     18,24,32
                             20M,28M
 Duo 250        4       1    4M,8M,10M   4,8,12,14,16        85ns     1
                             12M,14M     18,24,32
                             20M,28M
 Duo 270c       4       1    4M,8M,10M   4,8,12,14,16        85ns     1
                             12M,14M     18,24,32
                             20M,28M
 Duo 280        4       1    4M,8M,10M   4,8,12,14,16        70ns     1
                             12M,14M     18,24,32,40
                             20M,28M,36M
 Duo 280c       4       1    4M,8M,10M   4,8,12,14,16        70ns     1
                             12M,14M,     18,24,32,40
                             20M,28M,36M

  The Mac Classic requires an adapter card to expand the RAM from 1 MB.
  This card includes 1 MB of extra memory and has two SIMM slots that
  can either be left empty or filled with 256K or 1MB SIMMs.  The slots
  must be filled with the same size SIMM.

  The Color Classic, LC, and LC II can only address 10 megabytes of
  real RAM even if twelve megabytes of physical RAM are installed.

  In the Mac II the first memory bank can only hold 256K or 1MB SIMMs
  unless the FDHD upgrade is installed.  Otherwise 4, 8, and 16 MB
  SIMMs can to be installed only in Bank B.  Furthermore both the Mac
  II and IIx need an extra PAL chip on each four-megabyte or larger
  SIMM as well as the normal eight DRAM chips.  This is not the same as
  the nine-chip SIMM used by PC's and workstations.

  The Quadra 700 requires non-composite, low-profile 16 megabyte SIMMs
  to fit under the internal hard drive.  Composite SIMMs should also
  not be used on 68040 AV Macs as they are practically guaranteed to
  cause problems with the system due to the extra load and timing
  required.  Specifically you need to avoid 16MB SIMMs that use 32
  4M-bit DRAMs rather than 8 16M-bit DRAMs.

  PowerBooks use pseudo-static thin small-outline package cards
  (TSOP's) of varying capacities.  Duo's use special low-power,
  self-refreshing dynamic RAM cards.  Be sure to specify the model
  you're ordering for when buying PowerBook RAM.


CAN I USE PC SIMM'S IN MY MAC?  (4.2)
-----------------------------------------

  Yes.  Nine chip PC and SUN workstation SIMM's work perfectly well
  in any desktop Mac that can use the equivalent eight chip Macintosh
  SIMM's; e.g. a IIci works with 1x9, 4x9, or 16x9 PC 80 ns PC SIMMs
  just as it does with  1x8, 4x8, or 16x8 80ns Mac SIMMs. The extra
  chip on each SIMM provides a  brain dead type of error correction
  known as parity checking.  It is unused on the Mac. Since PC SIMM's
  are manufactured in higher volume than Mac SIMM's, they are often
  cheaper despite the extra chip per SIMM.  They're also easier to
  resell.


WHAT VENDORS HAVE GOOD PRICES ON MEMORY?  (4.3)
-----------------------------------------------

  You should certainly shop around, but I've found that the Chip
  Merchant, 800-426-6375 (orders), 619-268-4774 (info), consistently
  has the lowest prices, excellent service and a knowledgeable sales
  staff.


DO SIMMDOUBLERS WORK?  (4.4)
----------------------------

  Sometimes.  Problems have been reported so make sure you get a
  money-back guarantee before ordering.  MicroMac's SIMMdoubler II will
  double the SIMM capacity of all Mac II models and the Performa 600;
  i.e. it lets you fit two SIMMs in each slot on your logic board.  It
  also lets you use standard 4x8 SIMMs in the Mac II and IIx rather
  than the more expensive PAL type normally required.  At $140 street a
  set of four is a little expensive but perhaps worth it if you have a
  let of extra one meg SIMMs.  Sermak Technology's (800-209-7126)
  SimmStacks will fit two 30 pin SIMMs in one 72 pin slot.  Sermak also
  sells SIMM doublers that fit two 72 pin SIMMs in one 72-pin slot.

  Since the extra height of the SIMMdoubler provides more leverage to
  exert force on the SIMM sockets, some users have broken SIMM slots
  when installing these products so be careful. Furthermore if you use
  more SIMMs than you have sockets, you'll be drawing more power into
  them than your Mac was designed to supply which might lead to
  problems down the road.



============
VIDEO  (5.0)
============

WHAT'S VRAM?  (5.1)
-------------------

  Video RAM is where the computer stores the images displayed on your
  screen.  On some earlier Macs with built-in video (Mac 128, IIci)
  this was kept in main memory.  However it's considerably more
  efficient and faster to store the screen image in its own separate
  RAM.  Generally the more VRAM you have the more colors or shades of
  gray you can display and the larger the monitors you can use.  The
  chart below shows the number of colors that can be displayed at a
  given resolution with the specified amount of VRAM.  Monitor size has
  no direct relation to the amount of VRAM required though larger
  monitors normally support higher resolutions.  Larger monitors just
  have fewer dots per inch than smaller monitors with the same
  resolution.  Also note that simply because a particular video card or
  Mac has sufficient VRAM to support a given number of colors doesn't
  mean that it actually can though more modern cards and monitors
  typically do support several resolutions.

Resolution   512x342    640x480    832x624    1024x768    1152x870    1280x1024
VRAM
256K           256         16         16
512K          32768       256        256         16           16
768K          32768      32768       256         256          16          16
1024K       16777216   16777216     32768        256          256         16
2048K       16777216   16777216   16777216      32768        32768        256


ALL MONITORS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL.  (5.2)
------------------------------------------

  Choosing a Mac monitor used to be simple.  Like the Model-T Ford you
  could have any color you wanted as long as it was black (and white),
  9", 512 by 342 pixels, 72 dpi. The PC drones made fun of the small
  size and lack of color, but it was obvious to any unprejudiced person
  who looked at a Macintosh that its display was far superior to the
  CGA and EGA monitors being foisted on ignorant PC consumers.  Mac
  monitors are no longer so simple.  Now one needs to be concerned with
  such arcana as resolution, size, bit depth, dot pitch, and refresh
  rate.

  Size is the most obvious characteristic of a monitor.  It's measured
  diagonally from one corner of the screen to the opposite corner.
  Actual monitor area is roughly proportional to the square of the
  diagonal length so a twenty-inch monitor is more than four times as
  large as a nine-inch monitor.  Most manufacturers cheat on their
  monitor sizes by measuring from one corner of the screen (or even the
  case) to the other rather than from one edge of the visible display
  to the other.  Then they round up to the nearest inch with the result
  that most "fourteen-inch monitors" are closer to twelve and a half
  inches when measured truthfully.  For many years Apple was one of the
  most honest manufacturers, advertising it's twelve and a half inch
  monitor as a thirteen inch monitor while other manufacturers touted
  their "larger fourteen-inch" twelve and a half inch monitors.
  However Apple has succumbed to the pressures of the market, and like
  everyone else it now advertises twelve and a half inch monitors as
  "fourteen inch displays."

  Of course it's not the size that matters; it's how you use it.
  Resolution defines how much information can be squeezed onto the
  screen.  Most monitors sold today are "multi-sync"; that is they are
  capable of displaying more than one resolution.  A fifteen inch
  monitor at 1024 by 768 pixels displays two and a half times as much
  information as the same monitor at 640 by 480 pixels.  However
  everything will appear smaller at the larger resolution since the
  monitor has to fit more pixels into the same space.  The clearest
  resolution for a monitor is whatever comes closest to fitting 72
  pixels (or dots) into each inch.  This is the dpi rating of the
  monitor.  72 dpi is the proper "WYSIWIG" (Pronounced Whizzy-wig, What
  you see is what you get) resolution though some people prefer to
  work at a higher resolution that fits more information on the screen.
  Here are the WYSIWIG resolutions for common monitor sizes. If you do
  the math you'll notice that the resolutions seem too small for the
  given size.  That's because I've listed sizes here in their commonly
  advertised form rather than by the actual paintable area on the
  screen.

                  Size         WYSIWIG Resolution

                    9             512 by 342
                   12             512 by 384
             13,14,15             640 by 480
                16,17             832 by 624
                   20            1024 by 768
                   21            1152 by 870
                   25            1280 by 1024


  Resolution and bit depth define how much you can see on your screen.
  Dot pitch defines how well you can see it.  It's the distance between
  the holes in the grille through which the electrons are pushed before
  impacting on the screen phosphors.  Larger dot pitches look fuzzier.
  Trinitron monitors paint the picture in lines rather than dots so
  this doesn't really apply to them.  However the "line stripe" of a
  Trinitron display means virtually the same thing in practice as dot
  pitch does for other monitors, and most salespeople and copywriters
  are happy to confuse the two for you.  Most monitors have dot pitches
  of .39 mm, .28 mm, or .25 mm.  The larger the dot pitch the fuzzier
  your screen looks.  .39 mm dot pitch monitors (the standard in the PC
  world) look bad.  .28 mm dot pitch monitors are acceptable for all
  but the most demanding users.  .25 mm is the best dot pitch available
  with current technology, and really only necessary when you're driving
  a small (15") monitor at a very high (1024 by 768) resolution.

  Refresh rate also affects how clear the picture appears.  72 Hz is the
  standard refresh rate for Mac monitors.  That means the screen is
  repainted 72 times a second, more than twice as fast as your TV
  screen.  A few monitors even repaint at an 80 Hz refresh rate though
  I suspect that's overkill for all but the most sensitive eyes.
  However many cheaper PC monitors have refresh rates of 60 Hz or even
  less.  This begins to reach the level that contributes to eyestrain.
  Worse yet these monitors are interlaced, which means that only half
  of the screen is redrawn on each pass.  Interlaced monitors have a
  visible flicker effect, and should be avoided at all costs.  Leave
  them on the shelves for the deluded PC users who think saving $50 on
  a monitor is worth spending $500 at the optometrist.

  Most Mac monitors are at least 69 dpi, 0.29 mm dot pitch with refresh
  rates of 72 Hz.  This is acceptable for most work.  The only common
  exception is the Apple Basic Color Monitor.  This was Apple's VGA
  monitor for low cost systems and was laughed out of the marketplace.
  (At the time it was the standard in the PC world which gives you some
  idea of the lower standards on the other side of the fence.)


THERE'S A HORIZONTAL LINE ACROSS MY MONITOR.  (5.3)
---------------------------------------------------

  All Sony Trinitron monitors have a stabilizing wire in position to
  cast a shadow about three quarters of the way down the screen.  Larger
  monitors also have a wire about a third of the way down from the top
  of the display.  There is no way to fix this short of redesigning the
  Trinitron tube.  This line is more obvious on some monitors than
  others so if it seems particularly bad you can try to convince the
  dealer you bought it from to exchange the monitor.  Other than that
  there's nothing that can be done about it.  Other than that there's
  nothing that can be done about it.


CAN I USE A VGA MONITOR ON MY MAC?  (5.4)
-----------------------------------------

  A IIsi, LC or LC II can drive a multisync/multiscanning VGA monitor
  with a simple cable adapter available at any Apple dealer for about
  twelve dollars.  You cannot use a fixed-frequency (i.e. cheap) VGA
  monitor with these Macs since their internal video can't generate the
  standard VGA frequency.  Later Macs with built-in video work
  perfectly with any VGA monitor with just a cable adapter. (Whether
  the monitor works perfectly is another question.)  The IIci is the
  only Mac with built-in video-out that absolutely cannot drive a VGA
  monitor.


HOW CAN I SWITCH MONITOR RESOLUTIONS ON THE FLY?  (5.5)
-------------------------------------------------------

  Assuming you have a monitor and video card capable of supporting
  multiple resolutions, you need the Apple Display Enabler or NEC's
  DPI-on-the-fly extension to switch monitor resolutions without
  rebooting your Mac.  The Display Enabler works with Apple monitors
  and video cards as well as some third party displays.  Nec's
  DPI-on-the-fly works with NEC and many other third party monitors
  (most notably Sony monitors.)  The Display Enabler requires System 7.1
  or later.  See

   http://ftp.support.apple.com/pub/Apple%20SW%20Updates/Macintosh/Display%20%26%20Display%20Card%20Software/Display%20Software%20(1.1).hqx

  To get DPI-on-the-fly call the NEC BBS at [phone].  Finally if
  you have a Radius Color Pivot or a Radius PrecisionColor interface card
  then you can use the Radius Resolutions CDEV instead.  See

   ftp://ftp.radius.com/pub/radius/software/mac/RadiusResolutions/

  Some later model monitors such as the NEC 4Fge and later model video
  cards (like the high performance video cards in the PowerMacs) only
  require the proper cable and do not need the Display Enabler or
  DPI-on-the-Fly.



===================
FLOPPY DISKS  (6.0)
===================

WHAT KIND OF FLOPPY DISKS DO I NEED FOR MY MAC?  (6.1)
------------------------------------------------------

  There have been three kinds of floppy disks in the history of
  the Macintosh.  The original 128K Thin Mac (which used to be called
  a classic Mac before the advent of the much superior Mac Classic)
  and the subsequent 512K "Fat Mac" used 400K, single-sided
  double-density diskettes.  These disks are outdated, and it's highly
  unlikely you'll actually see any.  If you need to exchange data
  with an older Macintosh, you'll need to use disks formatted as
  single-sided. Since very few, if any, stores still sell one-sided
  3.5 inch disks anymore, it's fortunate that all Macs deal quite
  happily with double-sided disks formatted as single-sided.  Just
  click the button labeled "One-sided" after you select "Erase Disk"
  from the Special menu.

  *Neat Trick alert*  Sometimes disks that fail formatting as
  double-sided can be formatted as single-sided.  Even neater trick:
  In System 6 the shareware init BAD can map out bad sectors on a
  floppy disk which lets about 70% of bad disks be formatted. (System
  7 does this automatically.)  See

   ftp://rever.nmsu.edu/pub/macfaq/BAD.sit.bin

  Neatest trick of all:  All name-brand diskettes (SONY, Maxell, etc.)
  come with lifetime warranties.  A lot of offices keep a bad disk box
  for everyone to dump their bad disks in and send the disks in for
  replacement when they collect ten or so; but it's been my experience
  that if you return just a single bad disk these companies will send
  a whole ten pack as a replacement.

  With the introduction of the Mac Plus in 1986, Apple also
  introduced a larger disk drive capable of reading and writing 800K,
  "Double-Sided Double-Density" disks, DSDD for short.  The only way
  to tell these disks from the earlier, one-sided diskettes, is by
  the label on the metal cover.  Unformatted these are identical to
  the 720K disks common in the IBM world.  With the Mac IIx Apple
  introduced what's alternately known as the Superdrive or "FDHD,"
  short for "Floppy Drive, High Density."  The FDHD (pronounced
  Fud-Hud) can read and write all of the previous kinds of diskettes
  plus double-sided high-density disks which are distinguished by two
  holes in the disk case rather than the normal one.  The FDHD uses
  the extra hole to recognize a high-density disk.


WHY CAN'T MY QUADRA (SE/30, IICI, ETC.) READ THE DISKS FROM MY PLUS?  (6.2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  The Macintosh Plus and earlier machines along with original Mac II's
  and some SE's do not have the high density FDHD drive necessary
  to properly read and format high-density disks.  If you insert a
  blank high-density disk in a low density drive, the Mac, not knowing
  the difference between a double-density and a high-density floppy,
  will happily format your expensive 1.4 meg disk as a cheap 800K
  diskette.  When you move this disk to a more advanced machine
  with a FDHD drive, the newer drive will recognize the disk as a
  high-density floppy by its extra hole.  Since the disk has been
  formatted as 800K instead of as 1400K, the FDHD drive will try to
  read it as a 1400K disk and fail.  Then it will ask if you want to
  initialize it.  As a temporary work around place a small piece of
  tape over both sides of the extra hole on the high-density disk to
  trick the Mac into treating the disk as double-density.  This is a
  temporary fix only, and the tape should be removed and the disk
  reformatted to the proper size as soon as possible.


DOES PUNCHING A HOLE IN A DOUBLE-DENSITY DISK MAKE A HIGH-DENSITY DISK?  (6.3)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Yes, but I certainly wouldn't trust any data I intended to keep
  for more than the next minute or two to such a diskette.  The extra
  hole is not the only difference between a double-density and a
  high-density disk.  The magnetic media on a high-density disk
  is a different type that is much more susceptible to formatting.
  Double-density diskettes should only be formatted as 800K.  With the
  plummeting prices of real high-density disks, this really shouldn't
  be an issue anymore.



====================
SCSI TROUBLES  (7.0)
====================

HOW DO I PUT MY OLD INTERNAL HARD DISK IN AN EXTERNAL CASE?  (7.1)
------------------------------------------------------------------

  Alliance Peripheral Systems, 800-443-4199/816-483-6100 sells cases for
  old internal 3.5 inch drives for $79 plus shipping and handling
  (about ten to fourteen dollars).  The price includes instructions and
  technical support for the installation.


WHAT'S THE CHEAPEST/FASTEST/MOST RELIABLE/MOST COMMON REMOVABLE DRIVE? (7.2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  The oldest and most established format for removable media is the
  Syquest 44 megabyte 5.25" cartridge drive.  (The size in inches
  refers to the diameter of the circular platters in the cartridges.
  Each cartridge is actually square and a little larger.  For purposes
  of comparison a CD is also 5.25" diameter.)  44 megabyte Syquest drives are sold by
  many different vendors for about $200 and cartridges cost around $45
  each.  However this format is showing its age.  It's too small for a
  complete backup of most hard drives; the cartridges are big and
  bulky; and it's not difficult to create Photoshop, Quark, or
  PostScript files that are larger than one of these cartridges.
  Consequently most service bureaus also accept at least the Syquest 88
  format.  88 megabyte Syquest drives cost about $300 and can read and
  write (but not format) the older 44 megabyte cartridges.  88 megabyte
  cartridges run about $55 each so they're considerably more
  cost-effective.  Finally there's a 200 megabyte 5.25" Syquest drive
  that costs about $500 and can read and write (but not format) all
  5.25" Syquest cartridges.  However its much slower reading and
  writing 44 and 88 megabyte cartridges than a dedicated 44/88 MB
  drive. 200 megabyte Syquest cartridges cost around $90 apiece.
  Although five and a quarter inch Syquest cartridges are the most
  commonly used form of removable media for Macs, (especially the 44
  and 88 megabyte sizes) they do have a reputation for unreliability
  and data corruption.  They're suitable for moving large files from
  your Mac to a service bureau, but not for making an important backup
  and certainly not for use as a second hard drive. I do not recommend
  5.25" Syquest drives unless you must exchange disks with someone who
  only has a Syquest drive.

  Syquest recently introduced a new 3.5" 270 megabyte drive that is not
  compatible with its more popular 44 and 88 megabyte drives (though it
  will read and write the less common Syquest 105 format). At only $500
  for the drive and $65 per cartridge, this drive has the lowest cost
  per megabyte of any removable media.  Furthermore it's got the
  largest cartridge size so it's the easiest with which to perform
  backups.  Hard drives of 240 megabytes or less can be backed up to
  one of these monsters just by dragging the hard disk icon to the
  Syquest icon.  However since these drives are relatively new their
  reliability in production situations is still unknown. While the size
  and price of these drives are very tempting, I'd still like to hear a
  few more real world experiences before I commit to one.

  Somewhat more trustworthy are the Bernoulli MultiDisk 150 and
  Multidisk 230 from Iomega.  Iomega has been making removable drives
  longer than anyone, and their drives and cartridges have a reputation
  for speed and reliability.  I would be willing to trust an important
  backup to a Bernoulli disk or to use a Bernoulli disk as a second
  hard drive. A Bernoulli 230 drive costs about $500 direct from Iomega
  (1-800-756-3959). 230 megabyte disks cost about $100 so the cost per
  megabyte is higher than the Syquest 270.  An additional advantage is
  that these drives also read and write Bernoulli 35, 65, 90 and 105
  megabyte cartridges so you can pick a cartridge size and price to fit
  your needs.

  By the time you read this Iomega may have introduced a new drive
  called the ZIP which will hold cartridges of up to 100 megabyte
  capacity for only $20 a cartridge.  Street price for the drive itself
  should be about $200.   Iomega claims that this drive will be as
  reliable as their well-tested Bernoulli drives but that remains to be
  provem in real-world use.  Still, barring any huge problems with the
  format, at this price the ZIP drive may well become the most popular
  removable media format since the floppy disk.

  Magneto-optical drives are another increasingly popular technology.
  They're slow but very reliable.  Depending on the drive a cartridge
  can hold between 128 and 1300 megabytes.  230 megabyte drives are the
  most popular.  They cost about $800-$1000 and are available from the
  usual selection of hard drive vendors like APS.  Next to the
  reliability of the media the biggest attraction of these drives is
  the extremely low cost per megabyte ($0.16) with 230 MB disks selling
  for as little as $40 each in quantity.  Higher capacity and higher
  priced optical drives have been introduced with capacities reaching
  into the multi-gigabyte region and prices from $1800 to $5000.
  Standards are still a little unclear and prices a little high among
  the higher capacity optical drives.  I recommend waiting a few more
  months before investing in this technology.  Regardless of standards
  all these drives are too slow to be used as a second hard disk.
  Their high reliability and capacity makes them ideal for long-term
  backups though.

  Also surprisingly popular given their limited capacity and high
  price are "flopticals."  A floptical drive is about the size of an
  external floppy drive, costs around $450 and can store 21 megabytes
  of data on 3.5" disks that cost about $18 each.  Since floptical
  drives can also read and write high density (but not 800K) floppies
  they're a reasonable choice if you need a second floppy drive.
  However the twenty-one megabyte disks are too small for backing up
  large hard drives or for transporting desktop publishing files and
  graphics.  Furthermore at only about twice the speed of on ordinary
  floppy the media is slower than its competition.  Since higher
  capacity drives in other formats cost about the same, I advise
  against floptical technology.


WHAT'S THE BEST CD-ROM DRIVE?  (7.3)
------------------------------------

  There are three features you should look for in a CD-ROM drive. First
  and most importantly you want at least a double-speed drive. If cost
  is your only concern single speed drives are available for as little
  as $100 but they're painfully slow for most applications. You'll also
  sacrifice many other bells and whistles.  Triple-speed drives  are
  available for about $200 from many sources and may be useful if you
  mainly retrieve text, graphics and other data files from CDs. However
  most multimedia applications and games designed to be run from a CD
  are optimized to work best at double-speed and will gain little if
  any advantage from a triple-speed drive.  Quadruple speed drives are
  also available for $300.  Most manufacturers and software vendors
  will jump straight to the quadruple speed format and skip the triple
  speed drives completely so for maximum compatibility with future
  applications (and for some more speed now) consider spending the
  extra money for a quad-speed drive. Further down the road the next
  big jump will probably be to either 20-speed drives or to quad speed
  drives that can also write CDs or both.  However these won't become
  real consumer-priced items until at least 1996 so by all means buy a
  CD-ROM drive now if you haven't already.

  Secondly the drive should be "multi-session, PhotoCD compatible."
  Some drives on the market advertised as "PhotoCD compatible" but
  can only read the first set of photos on a PhotoCD.

  Finally you want a drive with excellent audio capabilities including
  playback of audio CD's and digital copying of audio CD's to your hard
  disk.  That last capability is the kicker.  It's available out of the
  box only with the various versions of the Apple CD-300, but FWB's
  CD-ROM Toolkit adds support for digital audio extraction on drives
  based around the following mechanisms: the Chinon 535, Hitachi 6750,
  NEC 3x, Sony 561, and Toshiba 3301, 3401 and 4101 and possibly
  others.



================
PRINTERS  (8.0)
================

WHAT'S A GOOD PRINTER?  (8.1)
-----------------------------

  If price is your primary concern buy either a StyleWriter II or a
  DeskWriter 520.  Both provide excellent black and white and grey
  scale output at a reasonable price.  The StyleWriter occupies less
  desk space and costs a few dollars less ($250 street vs. $280 for the
  DeskWriter 520) while the DeskWriter has higher resolution (600 by
  300 dpi vs. 360 by 360 dpi).  Neither is a speed demon.

  If you want a faster printer with better quality but don't want to
  pay a lot, or if you want a minimum cost PostScript printer, the TI
  MicroWriter and the DEC 1150 are both good buys.  Each includes 2
  megabytes of RAM, PostScript Level II, 300 dpi 4 page per minute
  output and costs around $550 street.  The MicroWriter also offers
  auto-switching between PostScript Level II and HP PCL 4.  Either one
  should be plenty for personal use.

  If you do heavy graphics or desktop publishing work, you need a 600
  dpi printer.  Apple's LaserWriter Select 360 at $1400 street is an
  excellent printer with 600 dpi resolution, 7 megabytes of memory,
  upgradeable to 16 megabytes, auto-switching between PostScript Level
  II and PCL 4, and a built-in TrueType rasterizer.  Plus it doesn't
  have the paper curl problem associated with the other competitor in
  this price range, the HP LaserJet 4M.  Unfortunately the Select 360
  doesn't have Ethernet or a SCSI port for external font storage so
  it's not ideal for workgroup use (unless your workgroup's on
  LocalTalk).  If you want Ethernet and a SCSI port then consider
  Apple's LaserWriter Pro 630 ($1800 street) instead.  However look for
  some exciting (i.e. 1200 dpi) new products in this price range from
  Hewlett-Packard late this summer.



===================================
MISCELLANEOUS HARDWARE FAQ'S  (9.0)
===================================

WHAT POWER ADAPTOR DO I NEED TO USE MY MAC IN ANOTHER COUNTRY?  (9.1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------

  All Mac CPU's since the SE EXCEPT for the Classic and Classic II have
  universal power supplies which work anywhere in the world. These
  CPU's only need a common adaptor plug to match the Mac's plug to the
  wall plug in the country in question.  You can buy one in almost any
  hardware store for about three dollars.  The same is true of the Duo
  docks, all Apple CD drives except the original AppleCD SC, all
  external Apple SCSI hard drives and all Apple monitors except for the
  12" RGB monitor and the 14" Basic Color Monitor.

  Products without universal power supplies were typically sold in two
  models, 110V/120V at 60 Hz for Japan and North America, 220V/240V  at
  50 Hz everywhere else.  Thus depending on the origin and destination
  the Classic, Classic II, Plus, 512KE, 512 and 128K Macs need an
  adaptor plug and either a 220V/240V to 110V/120V grounded isolation
  step-down transformer or a 110V/120V to 220V/240V grounded isolation
  step-up transformer, NOT a voltage converter (at least not unless you
  plan to use your Mac as a disposable egg fryer).  The same kind of
  transformer is needed by the 12" RGB monitor, the Basic Color
  Monitor, StyleWriter, StyleWriter II, ImageWriter I, and LaserWriters
  LS, NT, SC, IINT, IINTX, IIf, IIg, 300, 310 and the original AppleCD
  SC.

  The ImageWriter II, ImageWriter LQ, LaserWriter, LaserWriter Plus,
  LaserWriter Pro 600 and 630, Apple Color Printer, Performa Display
  and all Apple scanners have power supplies that are matched not just
  to the voltage but also to the frequency of the host country's wall
  current.  These should not be used in a country with a different
  power standard.


HOW CAN I FIX THE SOUND ON MY IISI?  (9.2)
------------------------------------------

  When the metal fingers that connect the IIsi speakers and the
  motherboard get rusty, sound can blank out completely.  This may not
  occur until the IIsi has been running for several hours.  As a quick
  fix turn the speaker volume all the way up and then down again. This
  sends a small spike of electricity across the contacts and should
  temporarily dislodge the rust.  If this doesn't work a whack on the
  side of the Mac may also clear the contacts enough to restore sound.

  For a permanent and easy fix plug a pair of external speakers into
  the sound out port.  I've heard at least a dozen different
  suggestions for permanent fixes to the internal speakers.  The only
  thing all suggestions have in common is taking the speaker
  subassembly out and putting it back in again.  When you're having
  trouble with electronics, there's just no substitute for pulling
  everything apart and putting it back together again, and that's all
  you really need to do to fix the sound on your IIsi.  The speaker
  assembly is hidden under the hard drive so take that out first. Once
  you've removed the hard drive, spread the four tabs that hold the
  speaker assembly in place and slide it out.  Then clean the contacts
  with isopropyl alcohol.  Even rubbing them hard with a paper towel or
  lightly with sand paper should dislodge enough rust to fix them.  You
  can even coat the contacts with an anti-oxidant like DeoxIt or
  PreservIt to prevent future problems.  You should be able to find
  some such compound at any electronics supply store.



==================
Appendix A: MODELS
==================

  This appendix is a nearly comprehensive list of the different species
  of Apple Macintosh computers.  At the top of each listing is the
  common name of the model.  Any aliases it may have, either common
  nicknames or names under which Apple sold it in other markets follow
  in parentheses, e.g., Mac 128 (Thin Mac).  This is followed by
  fourteen essential characteristics of the model which I'll elaborate
  on now.

  The first important feature is the processor in your computer, e.g.,

        Processor:    M68030 8 MHz, M68882 FPU

  The first number is always the central processing unit (CPU). This is
  the main brain of the computer and contributes more to the speed of
  your Mac than any other single factor.  M stands for Motorola and
  means the chip is a member of the Motorola 68000 family.  The other
  possibility is PPC which means the chip is a member of the PowerPC
  family from either Motorola, IBM or both. Generally within the same
  family a higher chip number means a faster chip.  A 68040 is faster
  than a 68030 which is faster than a 68000. However Macs using the
  same chip can run at different clock speeds measured in megahertz
  (MHz).  The higher the megahertz the faster the Mac.  The clock
  speeds I list here are rounded to the nearest whole number.  More
  precisely 8 MHz should be 7.83 MHz, 16 MHz should be 15.7 MHz and so
  on.  If a Mac has a floating point coprocessor (FPU) or digital
  signal processor (DSP) that's listed here too.  An FPU speeds up most
  scientific, mathematical, photo retouching and ray tracing software.
  Most other types of programs don't take advantage of it.  A DSP is an
  even faster FPU used to make real-time audio and video feasible.
  M68040's and all PowerPC processors include integrated floating point
  units.

  The second feature is the system software which will operate that
  Mac. This is listed as a range of possible systems, e.g.

       System:    6.0.3-7.5

  If any enablers are needed for a model, they're listed here too.  Just
  because a particular system will run on an Mac doesn't mean you
  should use it.  If you're using System 6, I recommend using 6.0.7 or
  6.0.8 with the LaserWriter Driver 8.1, Quicktime and the Comm
  Toolbox.  Any version of System 7 that will boot your Mac will serve
  equally well for most people, but you should make sure you have the
  latest tuneups and enablers.  (See the system faq for more details.)

       The next field is RAM capacity, e.g.

       RAM:    1-128 MB, 120 ns, 8 30 pin SIMM slots

  For all but the earliest Macs this is given as a range from the least
  amount of RAM Apple sold with the machine to the maximum amount it
  can support with third party chips.  RAM size is measured in
  megabytes (MB).  One megabyte is 1024 kilobytes which is 1024 bytes.
  A byte represents one letter of text, so one megabyte is is about
  three hundred pages of text.  RAM speed is measured in nanoseconds
  (ns), one billionths of a second.  Smaller numbers are faster.
  Finally I list the number of slots included for RAM (some of which
  may already be filled in the default configuration) and the type of
  memory that can be installed in these slots.  For more details about
  RAM configurations please refer to "Thanks for the Memory", section
  4.0 of this document.

  After RAM comes ROM, the non-volatile memory where much of the system
  software is stored.  This is listed as a size in either kilobytes or
  megabytes since that's the only information that's commonly available
  (and more than you really need to know anyway.) Larger ROMs tend to
  be more recent and require less patching under newer systems.  512K
  and larger ROMs are 32-bit clean.  256K and larger ROMs include Color
  QuickDraw.

  Ports are the holes on the back of the Mac into which something may
  be plugged.  ADB stands for Apple Desktop Bus.  It's used for
  plugging in mice, trackballs, keyboards, graphics tablets, and
  obnoxious copy-protection dongles.  ADB devices can be daisy-chained,
  up to three devices per ADB port.  Serial ports are used for modems,
  printers, and LocalTalk networks.  A SCSI (pronounced "Scuzzy") port
  is mainly used for external storage devices like hard drives, tape
  drives, and CD-ROMs; but there also printers, monitors, Ethernet
  connectors, and scanners that can attach to the SCSI bus.  Mac SCSI
  ports are 25 pins.  For more details see the SCSI section below.
  Most Macs have at least one sound port for hooking up external
  speakers and more recent Macs also have a sound in port for a
  microphone.  These are listed as either Mono in/out or Stereo in/out
  depending on whether the Mac supports mono or stereo sound.  Finally
  if there's a port for an external floppy drive, that's indicated by
  the word "floppy.".

  The Floppy field specifies what kind of internal floppy drive the
  model has, either 400K, 800K or SuperDrive.  For more details see
  section 6.0,  Floppies, below.

  Next I list the drive bays.  Most Macs have exactly one bay for a 3.5
  inch half-height device, almost always an internal hard drive. Some
  more recent Macs also have room for a half-height, five and a quarter
  inch, removable media drive such as a CD-ROM ar a tape backup system.

  Slots are spaces inside the Mac for expansion cards of many kinds
  including accelerators, extra serial ports, graphics cards, and more.
  The most-common kinds of slots are Nubus and processor direct (PDS).
  Nubus slots come in small (7") and full-size varieties while PDS
  slots tend to be specific to the model.  LC PDS cards do mostly work
  in all LC slots, but even among Macs that have Nubus slots not all
  cards work in all Macs, so it's best ask a vendor if their card works
  in your Mac before buying.

  Video specifies the characteristics of any built-in monitor and the
  amount of VRAM for models that do not have a built-in monitor. See
  section 6.0 on video to find out the resolutions and color depths a
  given amount of VRAM supports.  "None" means that you'll need to use
  a graphics card as well as an external monitor.

  Audio lists sample rates and bit depth supported by the CPU. If
  there's a built-in speaker and/or microphone, this is mentioned as
  well.  Many Macs that don't have built-in stereo speakers or
  microphones have jacks for external speakers or microphones. These
  are listed under ports.

  Network specifies the built-in networking capability of the Mac,
  either LocalTalk or Ethernet.  If Ethernet then the connector type is
  also given.  Third party cards and SCSI connectors provide options
  for adding Ethernet to Macs that lack it.

  Size specifies the linear dimensions of the model as height by width
  by depth, then the approximate weight although this can vary
  depending on the size of any internal drives and cards that may be
  installed.  This is the weight and size of the computer itself.  It
  includes the monitor and keyboard only if they're built-in to the
  Mac.  Finally I list the dates between which the model was sold and
  any special features it may have.



Mac 128 (Thin Mac)
Processor: M68000 8 MHz
System:    1.0-2.0
RAM:       128K
ROM:       64K
Ports:     2 serial, floppy, mono out
Floppy:    400K
Bays:      None
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 342 resolution
Audio:     Mono speaker
Network:   None
Sold:      1/84 till 4/86
Features:  Keyboard

Mac 512 (Fat Mac)
Processor: M68000 8 MHz
System:    1.0-3.3
RAM:       512K
ROM:       64K
Ports:     2 serial, floppy, mono out
Floppy:    400K
Bays:      None
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 342 resolution
Audio:     Mono speaker
Network:   None Sold: 9/84 till 4/86
Features:  Keyboard

Mac 512KE
Processor: M68000 8 MHz
System:    1.0-4.3
RAM:       512K
ROM:       128K
Ports:     2 serial, floppy, mono out
Floppy:    800K
Bays:      None
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 342 resolution
Audio:     Mono speaker
Network:   None
Sold:      4/86 till 3/87
Features:  Keyboard

Mac Plus
Processor: M68000 8 MHz
System:    3.0-7.5
RAM:       1-4 MB, 150 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       128K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, mono out
Floppy:    800K
Bays:      None
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 342 resolution
Audio:     Mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      1/86 till 10/90
Features:  Keyboard

Macintosh SE
Processor: M68000 8 MHz
System:    3.0-7.5
RAM:       1-4 MB, 150 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       256K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, 2 ADB, mono out
Floppy:    1 or 2 800K or SuperDrive
Bays:      One for either a 3.5" internal hard drive or a second floppy drive
Slots:     1 SE Expansion Bus slot
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 342 resolution
Network:   LocalTalk
Sound:     Mono out
Sold:      3/87 till 10/90
Features:  Beginning in August, 1989 SE's included a SuperDrive.

SE/30
Processor: M68030 16 MHz, M68882 16 MHz FPU
System:    6.0.3-7.5
RAM:       1-128 MB, 120 ns, 8 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       256K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     120 pin 030 PDS
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 342 resolution
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz stereo out
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      1/89 till 10/91
Features:

Mac II
Processor: M68020 16 MHz, M68881 16 MHz FPU
System:    4.0.1-7.5
RAM:       1-68 MB, 120 ns, 8 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       256K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    1 or 2 800K
Bays:      1 5.25" half-height
Slots:     6 Nubus
Video:     None
Audio:     Stereo speaker
Network:   Localtalk
Sold:      3/87 till 1/90
Features:  An upgrade is available that adds new ROMs and a SuperDrive.

Mac IIx
Processor: 16 MHz M68030 CPU, 16 MHz M68882 FPU
System:    6.0.2-7.5
RAM:       1-128 MB, 120 ns, 8 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       256K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    1 or 2 SuperDrives
Bays:      1 5.25" half-height
Slots:     6 Nubus
Video:     None
Audio:     Stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      9/88 till 10/90
Features:

Mac IIcx
Processor: M68030 16 MHz, M68882 16MHz FPU
System:    6.0.3-7.5
RAM:       1-128 MB, 120 ns, 8 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       256K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     3 Nubus
Video:     None
Network:   Localtalk
Audio:     Stereo speaker
Dimension: 5.5 x 11.9 x 14.4 in, 14.0 x 30.2 x 36.5 cm
Weight:    13.7 lb., 6.2 kg
Sold:      3/89 till 10/90
Features:

Mac IIci
Processor: M68030    25 MHz, M68882 25MHz FPU
System:    6.0.4-7.5
RAM:       1-128 MB, 80 ns, 8 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     3 Nubus
Video:     resolutions up to 640 by 870 pixels with 256 colors
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      9/89 till 2/93
Dimension: 5.5 x 11.9 x 14.4 in, 14.0 x 30.2 x 36.5 cm
Weight:    13.7 lb., 6.2 kg
Features:  Slot for cache card that can speed up performance as much as
           50%.  After October, 1991 this card was bundled with IIci's.

Mac IIsi
Processor: M68030    20 MHz
System:    6.0.6-7.5
RAM:       2-65 MB, 80 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 Nubus and/or PDS
Video:     supports resolutions of up to 640 by 870 pixels with 256 colors
Audio:     Mono microphone, Stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/90 till 2/93
Features:  Since this model was designed to be run at 25 MHz it can
           safely be "clock-chipped" to that higher speed.  (See
           question 4.2)  Substantial speed boosts are also possible by
           increasing the cache size.  See question 1.3 in the system FAQ.

Mac IIfx
Processor: M68030 40 MHz, M68882 FPU 40 MHz
System:    6.0.5-7.5
RAM:       4-128 MB, 80 ns, 8 64 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 5.25" half-height
Slots:     6 Nubus
Video:     None
Audio:     Stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      3/90 till 10/91
Features:  32K static RAM cache plus lots of other special, expensive
           orphaned hardware designed to improve speed which software
           never took advantage of.

Mac IIvi
Processor: M68030 16 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 001 1.0.1
RAM:       4-68 MB, 80 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     3 Nubus
Video:     512K-1MB VRAM
Audio:     Mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/92 till 10/93
Features:  Not sold in the U.S.

Mac IIvx
Processor: M68030 32 MHz, M68882 FPU 32 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 001 1.0.1
RAM:       4-68 MB, 80 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, mono in, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     3 Nubus
Video:     512K-1MB VRAM
Audio:     Mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/92 till 10/93
Features:  32k data cache, 32 bit data bus.  Since the system runs
           at half the speed of the CPU, this is only about as fast
           as the 25 MHz IIci.

Performa 600
Processor: M68030 32 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 001 1.0.1
RAM:       4-68 MB, 80 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, mono in, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     3 Nubus
Video:     512-1MB VRAM
Audio:     Mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/92 till 10/93
Features:  Since the system runs at half the speed of the CPU, this
   is only about as fast as the 20 MHz IIsi.  Identical to the IIvx
   except for the lack of the 32k data cache and FPU.  An FPU can be
   added.  A cache cannot be.

Mac Classic
Processor: M68000 8 MHz
System:    6.0.6-7.5
RAM:       1-4 MB, 120 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 384 resolution
Audio:     Mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/90 till 12/91
Features:  Can be booted from the ROM.

Mac Classic II (Performa 200)
System:    6.0.8L-7.5
Processor: M68030 16 MHz
RAM:       4-10 MB, 120 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, floppy, ADB, mono out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 9" monitor, 512 by 384 resolution
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 kHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      13.2 x 9.7 x 11.2 in, 17.1 lbs (33.6 x 24.6 x 28.5 cm, 7.8 kg)
Sold:      10/91 till Present
Features:  16-bit databus

Color Classic
Processor: M68030 16 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 401 1.0.5
RAM:       4-10 MB, 120 ns, 2 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, mono out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video    built-in 10" Trinitron monitor, 512 by 384 resolution,
           256 colors (expandable to 32000 colors), 76 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      2/93 till Present
Features:  Screen Power Saver, 16-bit databus

Color Classic II
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler ???
RAM:       4-10 MB, 80 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, mono out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     built-in 10" Trinitron monitor, 256 colors expandable to
           32768, 76 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/93 till Present
Features:  Currently sold only in the Far East.

Mac LC
Processor: M68020 16 MHz
System:    6.0.6-7.5
RAM:       2-10 MB, 120 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, floppy, mono out, mono in, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     256K-512K VRAM
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      3.0 x 12.2 x 15.0 in, 8.8 lbs (8.1 x 31.0 x 38.2 cm, 4.0 kg)
Sold:      10/90 till 12/92
Features:  16-bit databus.  Can emulate an Apple IIe with the
           appropriate PDS card.

LC II (Performa 400, 405, 430)
Processor: M68030 16 MHz
System:    6.0.8L-7.5
RAM:       4-10 MB, 120 ns, 2 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       512K
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, mono out, mono in, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     512K VRAM
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      3.0 x 12.2 x 15.0 in, 8.8 lbs (8.1 x 31.0 x 38.2 cm, 4.0 kg)
Sold:      3/92 till 10/93
Features:  16-bit databus.  Can emulate an Apple IIe with the
           appropriate PDS card.

LC III (Performa 450)
Processor: M68030 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 003 1.0
RAM:       4-32 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, mono out, mono in, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     512K-768K VRAM
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      3.2 x 12.2 x 15.0 in, 8.8 lbs (8.1 x 31.0 x 38.2 cm, 4.0 kg)
Sold:      2/93 till Present
Features:  Can emulate an Apple IIe with the appropriate PDS card.

Mac LC 520 (Performa 550)
Processor: M68030 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 403 1.0.1
RAM:       5-36 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     Built-in 14" Trinitron monitor, 640 by 480 pixels, 69 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono microphone, Stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      17.9 x 13.5 x 16.5 in., 40.5 lbs (45.5 x 34.4 x 42.0 cm, 18.4 kg)
Sold:      6/93 till present
Features:  CD-ROM

Mac LC 550
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler ???
RAM:       5-36 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     Built-in 14" Trinitron monitor, 640 by 480 pixels, 69 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono microphone, Stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      17.9 x 13.5 x 16.5 in., 40.5 lbs (45.5 x 34.4 x 42.0 cm, 18.4 kg)
Sold:      1/94 till present
Features:  CD-ROM

Mac LC 575 (Performa 575, 577, 578)
Processor: M68LC040 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler ???
RAM:       8-36 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     Built-in 14" Trinitron monitor, 640 by 480 pixels, 69 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      17.9 x 13.5 x 16.5 in., 40.5 lbs (45.5 x 34.4 x 42.0 cm, 18.4 kg)
Sold:      2/94 till Present
Features:  CD-ROM (optional on Performa 460)

Performa 460, Performa 465, Performa 467
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler ???
RAM:       4-32 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, mono out, mono in, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC PDS
Video:     512K-768K VRAM
Audio:     8-bit, 22 kHz, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      3.2 x 12.2 x 15.0 in, 8.8 lbs (8.1 x 31.0 x 38.2 cm, 4.0 kg)
Sold:      2/93 till Present
Features:

Centris 610
Processor: M680LC40 20 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 040 1.1
RAM:       8-68 MB, 80 ns, 2 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 7" Nubus or Quadra PDS slot
Video:     512K-1MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA,
           SVGA, NTSC, and PAL monitors
Audio:     22 KHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   Localtalk, optional Ethernet
Size:      3.4 x 16.3 x 15.6 in, 14.0 lbs (8.5 x 41.5 x 39.7 cm, 6.4 kg)
Sold:      2/93 till Present
Features:  FPU can be added by replacing the 680LC40 with a 68040 CPU.
           No heat sink is necessary for this upgrade.

Centris 650
Processor: M68040 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 040 1.1
RAM:       8-136 MB, 80 ns, 4 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, stereo out, mono in, AAUI-15
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     3 Nubus, one Quadra PDS
Video:     512K-1MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA,
           SVGA, NTSC, and PAL monitors
Audio:     Mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      6.0 x 13.0 x 16.5 in, 25 lb (15.2 x 33.0 x 41.9 cm, 11.3 kg)
Sold:      2/93 till
Features:  Some models have only 4 megabytes of soldered RAM and no
           Ethernet.  These can only be expanded to 132 megabytes.

Centris 660av (aka Quadra 660av)
Processor: M68040 25 MHz, 55-MHz AT&T 3210 DSP
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 088 1.1
RAM:       8-68 MB, 70 ns, 2 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       2 MB
Ports:     Geoport serial port, RS-232/RS-422 serial port, SCSI, ADB,
           stereo out, stereo in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 7" Nubus
Video:     1MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTSC,
           and PAL monitors; 2 S-Video and two composite video ports, one
           each for input and output.
Audio:     16 bit, 8-48 kHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      3.4 x 16.3 x 15.6 in, 14.0 lbs (8.5 x 41.5 x 39.7 cm, 6.4 kg)
Sold:      7/93 till Present
Features:  PlainTalk speech recognition, video capture

Quadra 605 (LC 475, Performa 475, Performa 476)
Processor: M68LC040 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 065 1.0
RAM:       4-36 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     1 LC III PDS
Video:     512K-1MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA,
           SVGA, NTSC, and PAL monitors
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 kHz, stereo microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      3.2 x 12.2 x 15.0 in, 8.8 lbs (8.1 x 31.0 x 38.2 cm, 4.0 kg)
Sold:      10/93 till Present
Features:

Quadra 610
Processor: M68040 25 MHz (M680LC40 on 8/160 models sold in the U.S.)
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 040 1.1
RAM:       8-72 MB, 80 ns, 2 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 7" Nubus or Quadra PDS slot
Video:     512K-1 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA,
           NTSC, and PAL monitors
Audio:     22 KHz, Mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, optional Ethernet
Size:      3.4 x 16.3 x 15.6 in, 14.0 lbs (8.5 x 41.5 x 39.7 cm, 6.4 kg)
Sold:      10/28/93 till Present
Features:

Quadra 610 DOS compatible
Processor: M68LC040 25 MHz, 486SX 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 040 1.1
RAM:       8-72 MB, 80 ns, 2 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, stereo out, mono in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 7" PDS slot filled with DOS compatibility card
Video:     512K-1 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA,
           NTSC, and PAL monitors.  Dual monitor support.
Audio:     22 KHz, Mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, optional Ethernet
Size:      3.4 x 16.3 x 15.6 in, 14.0 lbs (8.5 x 41.5 x 39.7 cm, 6.4 kg)
Sold:      10/28/93 till 6-94
Features:  MS-DOS 6.2

Quadra 630 (Performa 630, LC 630)
Processor: M68040 33 MHz
System:    7.1.1
RAM:       4-36 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       2 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, ADB, 2 stereo out, stereo in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 030 PDS slot, 1 communications slot, 1 video slot
Video:     1MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors up to 15" plus some VGA,
           SVGA, monitors;
Audio:     8 bit, 8-48 kHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      4.3 x 12.6 x 16.5 in, 19.0 lbs (10.95 x 32.0 x 41.95 cm, 8.6 kg)
Sold:      7/93 till Present
Features:  optional CD-ROM, optional TV tuner,  optional Presentation
           system for NTSC/PAL output, optional video input card,
           IDE internal hard drive

Quadra 650
Processor: M68040 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 040 1.1
RAM:       8-136 MB, 80 ns, 4 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 serial, SCSI, 2 ADB, headphone jack
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     3 Nubus, one Quadra PDS
Video:     512K-1 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA,
           NTSC, and PAL monitors
Audio:     22 khz, Mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      6.0 x 13.0 x 16.5 in, 25 lb (15.2 x 33.0 x 41.9 cm, 11.3 kg)
Sold:      10/28/93 till present
Features:

Quadra 700
Processor: M68040 25 MHz
System:    7.0.1
RAM:       4-128 MB, 80 ns, 4 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, video, stereo out, mono in, AAUI-15 Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height
Slots:     2 Nubus, 1 Quadra PDS
Video:     512K-2 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTSC
Audio:     Mono in, stereo out, microphone
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Dimension: 5.5 x 11.9 x 14.4 in, 14.0 x 30.2 x 36.5 cm
Weight:    13.7 lb., 6.2 kg
Sold:      10/91 till
Features:

Quadra 800
Processor: M68040 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5
RAM:       8-132 MB, 60 ns, 4 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, video, stereo out, mono in, AAUI-15 Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" full-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     3 NuBus, 1 Quadra PDS
Video:     512K-1 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTSC
Audio:     Mono in, stereo out
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      14.25 x 8.9 x 16 in, 25.3 lbs (30.6 x 19.6 x 39.6 cm, 11.5 kg)
Sold:      2/93 till present
Features:

Quadra 840av
Processor: M68040 40 MHz, AT&T 3210 66 MHz DSP
System:    7.1-7.5
RAM:       8-128 MB, 60 ns, 4 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       2 MB
Ports:     ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, Ethernet AAUI-15, stereo in, stereo out,
           GeoPort, 2 S-Video and two composite video ports, one each for
           input and output.
Slots:     3 Nubus 90, 1 Quadra PDS
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" full-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Video:     Built-in support Expandable with an extra 1 MB VRAM to 24-bit
           color on 16" monitors, 16-bit color on larger monitors,
           NTSC out, PAL out
Audio:     16 bit, 8-48 kHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   Ethernet, LocalTalk
Size:      14.25 x 8.9 x 16 in, 25.3 lb (30.6 x 19.6 39.6 cm, 11.5 kg)
Sold:      7/93 till Present
Features:  DMA, async SCSI, PlainTalk, video capture

Quadra 900
Processor: M68040 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5
RAM:       4-256 MB, 80 ns, 16 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, video, stereo out, stereo in, AAUI-15 Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      3 3.5" half-height bays
Slots:     5 Nubus, 1 Quadra PDS
Video:     1-2 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTS
Audio:     Mono Microphone, stereo in, stereo out
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      18.6 x 8.9 x 20.6 in, 37 lbs (47.3 x 22.4 x 52.3 cm, 17 kg)
Sold:      10/91 till 5/92

Quadra 950
Processor: M68040 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5
RAM:       8-256 MB, 80 ns, 16 30 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, video, stereo out, stereo in, mono in,
           AAUI-15 Ethernet connector
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      3 3.5" half-height bays
Slots:     5 Nubus, 1 Quadra PDS
Video:     1-2 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTS
Audio:     Mono Microphone, stereo in, stereo out
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      18.6 x 8.9 x 20.6 in, 37 lbs (47.3 x 22.4 x 52.3 cm, 17 kg)
Sold:      5/92 till Present
Features:

Mac TV
Processor: M68030 32 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 404 1.0
RAM:       5-8 MB, 80 ns, 1 72 pin SIMM slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     SCSI, 2 serial, 2 ADB, cable, video-in, stereo out, stereo in
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 PDS occupied by TV tuner
Video:     14" Trinitron, 8-bit color
Audio:     8-bit, 22kHz, stereo speakers
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      17.5 x 13.5 x 16.5 in., 41.5 lbs (44.5 x 34.4 x 42.0 cm, 18.9 kg)
Sold:      10/93 till Present
Features:  16-bit databus, cable-ready, 16-bit color TV, CD-ROM, single-frame
           video-capture, remote control, ClarisWorks, 7 CD's, keyboard

PowerMac 6100/60, 6100/66 (Performa 6115)
Processor: PPC 601 60 MHz (66 MHz)
System:    7.1.2-7.5
RAM:       8-72 MB, 80 ns, 2 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       4 MB
Ports:     ADB, SCSI, 2 GeoPort, video, stereo in, stereo out,
           AAUI-15 Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     1 7" Nubus or PDS slot
Video:     DRAM based, 32,768 colors on 14" monitors, 256 colors on
          16" monitors
Audio:     22 KHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      3.4 x 16.3 x 15.6 in, 14.0 lbs (8.5 x 41.5 x 39.7 cm, 6.4 kg)
Sold:      3/14/94 till Present
Features:  Optional AV configuration, optional VRAM card for the
           PDS slot, 6100/66 comes with 256K cache card standard,
           optional on 7100/66 model

PowerMac 7100/66, 7100/80
Processor: PPC 601 66 MHz (80 MHz)
System:    7.1.2-7.5
RAM:       8-136 MB, 80 ns, 4 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       4 MB
Ports:     2 ADB, SCSI, 2 GeoPort, 2 video, stereo in, stereo out, AAUI-15 Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" half-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     3 Nubus, one PDS (occupied by AV card or VRAM card)
Video:     1-2 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTSC,
           and PAL monitors.  DRAM support for a second monitor, 32,768
           colors on 14" monitors, 256 colors on 16" monitors
Audio:     22 khz, Mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      6.0 x 13.0 x 16.5 in, 25 lb (15.2 x 33.0 x 41.9 cm, 11.3 kg)
Sold:      3/14/94 till present
Features:  Optional AV configuration, 7100/80 comes with 256K cache card standard,
           optional on 7100/66 model

PowerMac 8100/80, 8100/100, 8100/110
Processor: PPC 601 80 MHz (100 MHz, 110 MHz)
System:    7.1.2-7.5
RAM:       8-264 MB, 80 ns, 8 72 pin SIMM slots
ROM:       4 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 GeoPort, SCSI, 2 video, stereo in, stereo out,
           AAUI-15 Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 3.5" full-height, 1 5.25" half-height removable
Slots:     3 NuBus, 1 PDS (occupied by AV card or VRAM card)
Video:     2-4 MB VRAM drives all Mac monitors plus some VGA, SVGA, NTSC
           and PAL monitors.  DRAM support for a second monitor, 32,768
           colors on 14" monitors, 256 colors on 16" monitors
Audio:     stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk, Ethernet
Size:      14.25 x 8.9 x 16 in, 25.3 lbs (30.6 x 19.6 x 39.6 cm, 11.5 kg)
Sold:      3/14/94 till present
Features:  Optional AV configuration, 256K L2 cache

Macintosh Portable
Processor: M68000 16 MHz
System:    6.0.5-7.5
RAM:       1-5 MB, 100 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       256K
Ports:     SCSI, floppy, stereo out
Floppy:    1-2 SuperDrives
Bays:      1 3.5 inch half-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white 10" monitor, 640 by 400 resolution
Audio:     Stereo out
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      9/89 till 10/91
Features:  Portables sold after March, 1991 have backlit screens.

Powerbook 100
Processor: M68000 16 MHz
System:    6.0.8L-7.5
RAM:       2-8 MB, 100 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       256K
Ports:     SCSI, serial, floppy, ADB, mono out
Floppy:
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in black and white, passive matrix, 640 by 400 pixel screen
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      10/91 till
Features:  The hard disk can be attached to another Mac through the
           PowerBook's SCSI port.

Powerbook 140
Processor: M68030 16 MHz
System:    7.0.1-7.5
RAM:       4-8 MB, 100 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, mono in, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in 8.5", B/W, passive matrix, 640 by 400 pixel screen
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz stereo speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   NiCad, 2.5 Ah, 2 to 3 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      10/91 till 6/93
Features:

Powerbook 145
Processor: M68030 25 MHz
System:    7.0.1-7.5
RAM:       4-8 MB, 100 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, mono in, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in 8.5", B/W, passive matrix, 640 by 400 pixel screen
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   NiCad, 2.5 Ah, 2 to 3 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      8/92 till 6/93
Features:

Powerbook 145b
Processor: M68030 25 MHz
System:    7.0.1-7.5
RAM:       4-8 MB, 100 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, audio in, audio out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 Modem slot
Video:     built-in 8.5", B/W, passive matrix, 640 by 400 pixel screen
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   NiCad, 2 to 3 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      6/93 till Present
Features:  No system disks are included with this model.

Powerbook 150
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
System:    7.1.1
RAM:       4-8 MB, 100 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     serial, SCSI, ADB
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     None
Video:     built-in 9.5", 4 greys, passive matrix, 640 by 480 pixel screen
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk, AAUI Ethernet
Battery:   NiCad, 2.5 Ah, 2 to 3 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 5.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      7-94 till present
Features:

Powerbook 160
Processor: M68030 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, System Enabler 131 1.0.3
RAM:       4-14 MB, 85 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, mono in, stereo out, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 Modem slot
Video:     built-in 10", 16 greys, passive matrix, 640 by 400 pixels
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, stereo speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   NiCad, 2 to 3 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      10/92 till 8/93
Features:

Powerbook 165
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
Sysytem:   7.1-7.5, System Enabler 131 1.0.3
RAM:       4-14 MB, 85 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, mono in, stereo out, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 640 by 400 pixel passive matrix screen, 16 grays;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 640 by 480 on an external display
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      8/93 till present
Features:

Powerbook 165c
Processor: M68030 33 MHz, M68882 FPU
Sysytem:   7.1-7.5, System Enabler 131 1.0.3
RAM:       4-14 MB, 85 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, SCSI, 2 serial, mono in, stereo out, video
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 9", 256 color, passive matrix screen, 640 by 400 pixels;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 640 by 480 on an external display
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, stereo speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   NiCad, 1.5 to 2 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.29 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 7.0 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.2 kg)
Sold:      2/93 till present
Features:

Powerbook 170
Processor: M68030 25 MHz, M68882 FPU
Sysytem:   7.0.1-7.5
RAM:       2-8 MB, 100 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, stereo out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     Black and White, active matrix
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, stereo speaker, mono microphone
Network:   LocalTalk
Sold:      10/91 till present
Features:

Powerbook 180
Processor: M68030 33 MHz, M68882 FPU
Sysytem:   7.1-7.5, System Enabler 131 1.0.3
RAM:       4-14 MB, 85 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, mono in, stereo out, video-out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 Modem slot
Video:     built-in 10" active-matrix, 16 greys, 640 by 400 pixels, 77 dpi;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 640 by 480 on an external display
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   NiCad, 2.5 to 3 hours of usage, 3 hours recharge time
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      10/19/92 till present
Features:

Powerbook 180c
Processor: M68030 33 MHz, M68882 FPU
Sysytem:   7.1-7.5, System Enabler 131 1.0.3
RAM:       4-14 MB, 85 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, 2 serial, SCSI, mono in, stereo out, video-out
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 10" active-matrix, 256 colors, 640 by 400 pixels, 77 dpi;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 640 by 480 on an external display
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   Nickel-cadmium, 1 to 2 hours of usage
Size:      2.25 x 11.25 x 9.3 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      6/93 till present
Features:

Powerbook 520
Processor: M68LC040 25 MHz
System:    7.1.2-7.5, PowerBook 500 Series Enabler 1.0.2
RAM:       4-36 MB, 70 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, serial, SCSI, stereo in, stereo out, video-out, AAUI Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     modem slot, 68040 PDS slot, optional Type II/III PCMCIA adaptor
Video:     built-in 9.5" passive-matrix, 16 grays, 640 by 480 pixels, 84 dpi;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 832 by 624 on an external display
Audio:     16-bit, 44 KHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   one or two nickel-metal-hydride, 2 to 3 hours usage per battery
Size:      2.25 x 11.5 x 9.65 in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      5/16/94 till present
Features:  Trackpad


Powerbook 520c
Processor: M68LC040 25 MHz
System:    7.1.2-7.5, PowerBook 500 Series Enabler 1.0.2
RAM:       4-36 MB, 70 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, serial, SCSI, stereo in, stereo out, video-out, AAUI Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     modem slot, 68040 PDS slot, optional Type II/III PCMCIA adaptor
Video:     built-in 9.5" passive-matrix, 256 colors, 640 by 480 pixels, 84 dpi;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 832 by 624 on an external display
Audio:     16-bit, 44 KHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   one or two nickel-metal-hydride, 2 to 3 hours usage per battery
Size:      11.5 x 9.65 x 2.25 inches, 6.8 lbs.
Sold:      5/16/94 till present
Features:  Trackpad

Powerbook 540
Processor: M68LC040 33 MHz
System:    7.1.2-7.5, PowerBook 500 Series Enabler 1.0.2
RAM:       4-36 MB, 70 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, serial, SCSI, mono in, stereo out, video-out, AAUI Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     modem slot, 68040 PDS slot, optional Type II/III PCMCIA adaptor
Video:     built-in 9.5" active-matrix, 64 grays, 640 by 480 pixels, 84 dpi;
           video out for up to 256 colors at 832 by 624 on an external display
Audio:     16-bit, 44 KHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   one or two nickel-metal-hydride, 2 to 3 hours usage per battery
Size:      2.25 x 11.5 x 9.65 in. in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      5/16/94 till present
Features:  Trackpad

Powerbook 540c
Processor: M68LC040 33 MHz
System:    7.1.2-7.5, PowerBook 500 Series Enabler 1.0.2
RAM:       4-36 MB, 70 ns, 1 TSOP memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     ADB, serial, SCSI, stereo in, stereo out, video-out, AAUI Ethernet
Floppy:    SuperDrive
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     modem slot, 68040 PDS slot, optional Type II/III PCMCIA adaptor
Video:     built-in 9.5" active-matrix, 256 colors at 640 by 480 pixels,
           32768 colors at 640 by 400 pixels, 84 dpi; video out for up to
           256 colors at 832 by 624 on an external display
Audio:     16-bit, 44 KHz, mono microphone, stereo speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   one or two nickel-metal-hydride, 2 to 3 hours usage per battery
Size:      2.25 x 11.5 x 9.65 in. in., 6.8 lbs. (5.7 x 28.6 x 23.6 cm, 3.1 kg)
Sold:      5/16/94 till present
Features:  Trackpad

Duo 210
Processor: M68030 25 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, PowerBook Duo Enabler 1.0
RAM:       4-24 MB, 85 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     Serial Port, 152 pin PDS (for docking station)
Floppy:    None
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 9" passive-matrix 16 greys screen, 640 by 400 pixels, 85 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   Nickel hydride, 2 to 4 hours of usage
Size:      8.5 x 10.9 x 1.4 in., 4.2 lbs. (21.6 x 27.7 x 3.6 cm, 1.9 kg)
Sold:      10/92 till present
Features:  External floppy drives and docking stations sold separately.

Duo 230
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, PowerBook Duo Enabler 1.0
RAM:       4-24 MB, 85 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     Serial Port, 152 pin PDS (for docking station)
Floppy:    None
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 9" passive-matrix screen, 16 greys, 640 by 400 pixels, 85 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Size:      8.5 x 10.9 x 1.4 in., 4.2 lbs. (21.6 x 27.7 x 3.6 cm, 1.9 kg)
Sold:      10/92 till present
Features:  External floppy drives and docking stations sold separately.

Duo 250
Processor: M68030 33 MHz
System:    7.1-7.5, PowerBook Duo Enabler 1.0
RAM:       4-24 MB, 85 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     Serial Port, 152 pin PDS (for docking station)
Floppy:    None
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:      built-in 9" active-matrix 640 by 400 pixels, 85 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   Type II nickel metal hydride battery.
Size:      1.5 x 10.9 x 8.5 in., 4.2 lbs. (3.8 x 27.7 x 21.6 cm, 2.2 kg)
Sold:      10/93 till present
Features:  External floppy drive and docking stations sold separately.

Duo 270c
Processor: M68030 33 MHz, M68882 FPU
System:    7.1-7.5, PowerBook Duo Enabler 1.0
RAM:       4-32 MB, 85 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     Serial Port, 152 pin PDS (for docking station)
Floppy:    None
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 8.4 inch, 93 dpi, active matrix screen; 256 colors at
           640 by 480 pixels, 32768 colors at 640 by 400 pixels
Audio:     8-bit, 11 or 22 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   Type II nickel metal hydride battery, 2 to 4 hours usage
Size:      1.5 x 10.9 x 8.5 in., 4.2 lbs. (3.8 x 27.7 x 21.6 cm, 2.2 kg)
Sold:      10/93 till present
Features:  External floppy drive and docking stations sold separately.

Duo 280
Processor: M68LC040 33 MHz
System:    7.1.1, PowerBook Duo Enabler 2.0
RAM:       4-40 MB, 70 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     Serial Port, 152 pin PDS (for docking station)
Floppy:    None
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 9" passive-matrix 64 greys screen, 640 by 400 pixels, 84 dpi
Audio:     8-bit, 44 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   Type II Nickel-metal-hydride, 2.5 to 4 hours of usage
Size:      8.5 x 10.9 x 1.4 in., 4.2 lbs. (21.6 x 27.7 x 3.6 cm, 1.9 kg)
Sold:      5/94 till present
Features:  External floppy drives and docking stations sold separately.

Duo 280c
Processor: M68LC040 33 MHz
System:    7.1.1, PowerBook Duo Enabler 2.0
RAM:       4-40 MB, 70 ns, 1 memory slot
ROM:       1 MB
Ports:     Serial Port, 152 pin PDS (for docking station)
Floppy:    None
Bays:      1 2.5" third-height
Slots:     1 modem slot
Video:     built-in 8.4 inch, 93 dpi, active matrix screen; 256 colors at
           640 by 480 pixels, 32768 colors at 640 by 400 pixels
Audio:     8-bit, 44 KHz, mono microphone, mono speaker
Network:   LocalTalk
Battery:   Type III Nickel-metal-hydride, 2 to 3 hours of usage
Size:      8.5 x 10.9 x 1.4 in., 4.8 lbs. (21.6 x 27.7 x 3.6 cm, 1.9 kg)
Sold:      5/94 till present
Features:  External floppy drives and docking stations sold separately.


--
   Elliotte Rusty Harold     Department of Mathematics
   [e-mail]     New Jersey Institute of Technology
   [e-mail]         Newark NJ 07102
..